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Hudson Bay Lowlands
Hudson Bay Lowlands are a vast wetland located between the Canadian Shield and southern shores of Hudson Bay and James Bay. Most of the area lies within the province of Ontario, with smaller portions reaching into Manitoba and Quebec. Many wide and slow-moving rivers flow through this area toward the salt water of Hudson Bay: these include the Churchill, Nelson and Hayes in Manitoba, Severn, Fawn, Winisk, Asheweig, Ekwan, Attawapiskat, and Albany in Ontario, and the Harricana, Rupert and Eastmain in Quebec.〔http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/hudson-bay〕 This is the largest wetland in North America, and one of the largest in the world.〔Abraham, K.F. and C.J. Keddy. The Hudson Bay Lowland. Pages 118-148 in L.H. Fraser and P.A. Keddy (eds.). 2005. The World’s Largest Wetlands: Ecology and Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 488 p.〕 The region can be subdivided into three bands running roughly northwest to southeast: the Coastal Hudson Bay Lowland (a narrow band along the northern coast),〔http://ecozones.ca/english/region/215.html Coastal Hudson Bay Lowland ecozone profile〕 Hudson Bay Lowland (a broader band extending to slightly south of the Ekwan River),〔http://ecozones.ca/english/region/216.html Hudson Bay Lowland ecozone profile〕 and James Bay Lowland (all the rest of the southern/eastern lands, making up close to 50% of the total Lowlands area).〔http://ecozones.ca/english/region/217.html James Bay Lowland ecozone profile 〕
The entire area was covered by ice during the last glaciation, and the peatlands have accumulated over the last ten thousand years. Plants from more temperate regions mix with arctic species.〔Riley, J.L. 2003. Flora of the Hudson Bay Lowland and its Postglacial Origins.NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada. 236 p.〕 A majority of the wetland is peat bog, although saline marshes occur along the coast, and marshes and wet meadows occur along the major rivers. The wetlands provide important habitat for migratory birds including shorebirds (e.g., yellow rail) and waterfowl (e.g., snow geese). Large mammals include polar bear and wolverine.〔Abraham, K.F. and C.J. Keddy. The Hudson Bay Lowland. Pages 118-148 in L.H. Fraser and P.A. Keddy (eds.). 2005. The World’s Largest Wetlands: Ecology and Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 488 p.〕
==Early discovery and exploration==
The local Ojibwa and Cree most likely came into contact with the region but did not populate the region due to the harsh, undesirable conditions and poor drainage patterns of the area. When Europeans arrived in the area, The Hudson's Bay Company set up trading posts such as Rankin Inlet, some of which remain populated today. However, these never grew into sizable towns, again because of the poor living conditions and climate. To this day, not all of the lowlands have been properly explored. There are a few small First Nations settlements on the southern shore of Hudson Bay at places like Moose Factory, Moosonee, Attawapiskat, and Fort Severn.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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